Lamtor1, a lysosome-anchored protein, is an essential component of the Ragulator complex. This complex is crucial for mTORC1 activation, which integrates various environmental signals to regulate cell growth and metabolism. Lamtor1 also participates in multiple cellular functions such as lysosomal trafficking, lipid metabolism, and autophagy, and is thus of great biological importance. Immune cell-specific conditional Lamtor1-knockout mice, including myeloid-specific, T-cell-specific, and regulatory T-cell-specific knockout mice, have been generated to study its functions [3].

In NSCLC, Lamtor1 reduces exosomal PD-L1 release by facilitating its lysosomal degradation, potentially enhancing immunotherapy efficacy [1]. In colorectal cancer, TRAF4-mediated LAMTOR1 ubiquitination promotes mTORC1 activation and inhibits inflammation-induced cancer progression [2]. In chemotherapy-resistant cancer, LAMTOR1 ablation impedes cGAS degradation, promoting antitumor immunity by increasing cGAS abundance and activating the cGAS-STING pathway [4]. In hepatocellular carcinoma, LAMTOR1 degrades MHC-II via the endocytic pathway, reducing antigen expression and antitumor T-cell responses [5].

In conclusion, Lamtor1 plays diverse and significant roles in multiple biological processes and disease conditions. The generation of Lamtor1 KO/CKO mouse models has provided valuable insights into its functions, especially in cancer-related areas such as immunotherapy, cancer progression, and chemotherapy resistance.