INTS10 is a subunit of the Integrator complex. The Integrator complex is involved in processes such as 3'-ends processing of spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and regulation of transcription of protein coding genes by terminating transcription after unstable pausing [2]. INTS10, along with INTS13 and INTS14, forms a functional module that binds nucleic acids and the cleavage module of Integrator, bringing the cleavage module and target transcripts into proximity [2]. It also has implications in the suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, as its SNPs may contribute to the progression from HBV infection to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and there are interactions with environmental factors like drinking and smoking [3].

In a study on the structure of the Integrator complex, the pre-termination complex structure revealed an INTS10-INTS13-INTS14-INTS15 module in a scorpion-tail-shaped structure, which may use its 'sting' to open the DSIF DNA clamp and facilitate transcription termination [1]. Another study proposed that INTS13 within the INTS10/13/14/15 sub-complex acts as a platform for the recruitment of transcription factors (TFs), which could modulate the stability of the Integrator's association at specific loci and regulate transcription attenuation of the target genes [4]. Depletion of INTS10 upends neural traits and derails cells towards mesenchymal identity, indicating its role in neural fate commitment [5].

In conclusion, INTS10 is a crucial subunit of the Integrator complex, playing important roles in RNA processing and transcription regulation. Its functions are evident in processes like transcription termination, nucleic acid binding, and are also associated with diseases such as HBV-related HCC. The study of INTS10 using various models helps in understanding its role in these biological processes and disease conditions.