Mir451a is a microRNA. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play crucial roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation by binding to target mRNAs, typically leading to their degradation or translational repression. They are involved in various biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, and are often implicated in disease-related pathways [8].

In the context of endometriosis, subjects with endometriosis had significantly higher expression levels of serum miR-451a. An algorithm based on the expression of miR-451a along with other microRNAs could potentially be used as a non-invasive diagnostic method for endometriosis, with a high area under the curve in receiver-operating characteristic analysis, which may help in earlier identification and treatment of the disease [1]. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, a one-pot isothermal Cas12-based assay could detect miR-451a in extracellular vesicles in plasma at single-digit femtomolar concentrations with single-nucleotide specificity, which may aid in the development of miR-451a as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis [2]. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells, which are enriched with miR-451a, can regulate M1/M2 macrophage phenotypic polarization. The miR-451a in these exosomes targets macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and this mechanism is involved in promoting bone healing [3]. In pancreatic cancer, Hedgehog-Gli1-derived exosomal circ-0011536 can promote peripheral neural remodeling by degrading miR-451a and upregulating the expression of VGF [4]. miR-451a, along with miR-21-5p, achieved excellent accuracy (AUC > 0.9) in differentiating Alzheimer's disease (AD) from Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) [5]. In Huntington's disease, miR-451a in plasma extracellular vesicles was downregulated early in mutation carriers, and its deregulation was associated with premanifest cognitive performance [6]. In prodromal Alzheimer's disease, miR-451a in plasma extracellular vesicles was upregulated, suggesting its involvement in the early progression of AD [7].

In conclusion, Mir451a is involved in multiple biological processes and disease conditions. Its role in endometriosis diagnosis, cancer biomarker development, bone healing through macrophage regulation, and neurodegenerative disease diagnosis has been revealed through various studies. These findings highlight the importance of Mir451a in understanding disease mechanisms and developing potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.