MARCHF1, also known as membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 1, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. E3 ubiquitin ligases play a crucial role in the ubiquitination process, which tags proteins for degradation, thus regulating protein levels and various cellular processes. They are involved in numerous biological pathways, including immune regulation, cell-death pathways, and cancer-related processes [5,6].

In various disease-related studies, MARCHF1 has been shown to have significant impacts. In the context of miscarriage, BaP/BPDE exposure up-regulates MARCHF1, which promotes the ubiquitination degradation of GPX4, leading to ferroptosis in endothelial cells, suppressing angiogenesis, and ultimately inducing miscarriage [1]. In breast cancer, MARCHF1 promotes cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth by accelerating the ubiquitylation and degradation of REST, which in turn up-regulates the transcription of TFAM [2]. In SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus's membrane protein induces MARCHF1-mediated degradation of GPX4, resulting in lipid accumulation and ferroptosis [3]. In acute kidney injury, MARCHF1, along with MARCHF8, ubiquitinates TARM1 and promotes its degradation in an autophagy-dependent manner, with macrophage autophagy protecting against AKI through this mechanism [4].

In conclusion, MARCHF1 is a key E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in multiple biological processes and disease conditions. Its role in promoting ferroptosis, cancer cell growth, and its impact on viral-induced cell death and kidney injury, as revealed through these studies, underscores its importance in understanding the pathophysiology of miscarriage, breast cancer, SARS-CoV-2-related pathologies, and acute kidney injury. The study of MARCHF1 provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for these diseases.