SLAMF1, also known as CD150, is the founder of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family of cell-surface receptors. It is involved in regulating immune responses, as homotypic SLAM receptor-ligand interactions between myeloid and lymphoid cells are crucial for innate and adaptive immunity. It also participates in various cell-signaling pathways, such as TLR4-mediated TRAM-TRIF-dependent signaling in human macrophages [8].

In terms of disease-related findings, in hematologic malignancies, its differential expression among various types allows it to be considered as a diagnostical and potential prognostic marker, and it may also be a target for antibody-based or measles virus oncolytic therapy. In Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, it is involved in regulating malignant cell fate decision and tumor microenvironment [1].

In rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA -ILD), SLAMF1 was identified as a mediator accounting for 4.693% of the mediating effect on the causal relationship between RA and ILD, and it is overexpressed in patients with lung fibrosis, correlating with a poor prognosis [2].

In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), SLAMF1 levels are increased in NASH plasma samples, and its downregulation in HepG2 cells improves cell viability, suggesting it could be a biomarker and therapeutic target for NASH [3].

In choriocarcinoma, SLAMF1 promotes methotrexate resistance via activating autophagy, and targeting it may sensitize cells to MTX-based regimens [4].

In EBV-infected B cell tumors, although not a strong survival factor, SLAMF1 is necessary for cell survival in unfavorable growth conditions through the AKT signaling pathway [5].

In tuberculosis, SLAMF1 promotes Th1-protective responses, enhances the uptake of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by macrophages, and is involved in endolysosomal maturation [6].

In colorectal cancer, higher levels of SLAMF1+ innate lymphoid cells are observed in the blood of patients, and the SLAMF1-high group has a higher survival rate, suggesting it is an anti-tumor biomarker [7].

In conclusion, SLAMF1 plays diverse and significant roles in multiple biological processes and disease conditions. Its functions range from regulating immune responses to being implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as hematologic malignancies, RA -ILD, NAFLD, choriocarcinoma, EBV-infected B cell tumors, tuberculosis, and colorectal cancer. The study of SLAMF1 using various models helps in understanding the underlying disease mechanisms and may provide potential therapeutic targets.