Scara5, short for Scavenger receptor class A member 5, has been implicated in multiple biological processes related to cancer and thrombosis-hemostasis. It is believed to play a role in pathways such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and is associated with the clearance of VWF-FVIII complex [2]. It holds significance in understanding the development and progression of various diseases, and genetic models could be valuable in further exploring its functions.

In cancer research, Scara5 shows diverse roles. In gastric cancer, its down-regulation, associated with promoter methylation, is related to aggressive clinicopathological characteristics. Overexpression of Scara5 suppresses the growth, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in xenograft models, likely via inhibiting EMT and inactivating MMP-2 and MMP-9 [1]. In bladder cancer, its expression is downregulated, and overexpression reduces cell viability, colony formation, invasion, and migration. It is a downstream factor of the PCAT29/miR-141 axis [3]. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, Scara5 overexpression inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and represses EMT, through inactivating the STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways [4]. In colorectal cancer, Scara5 in bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosomes inhibits CRC progression by inactivating the PI3K/Akt pathway [5]. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Scara5 suppresses cell cycle, metastasis, and invasion by inducing ferroptosis through combining with ferritin light chain [6]. In nasopharyngeal carcinoma, promoter methylation downregulates Scara5, and its overexpression inhibits cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, and enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy [7]. In melanoma, decreased Scara5 expression is associated with poor prognosis and is related to immune infiltration levels [8]. In colorectal cancer, SCARA5 mRNA levels are downregulated, and low expression is associated with poor prognosis [9].

In conclusion, Scara5 is involved in important biological functions mainly related to cancer development and progression. Through various in vivo and in vitro functional studies, especially in cancer models, it has been shown to play a role as a potential tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types, and may also be related to thrombosis-hemostasis processes. Understanding Scara5 provides insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.