Srbd1, the S1 RNA-binding domain-containing protein 1, is an essential gene with diverse functions. It is involved in chromosome segregation, safeguarding the genome during mitosis. It also participates in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, and macrophage polarization, with implications in cancer-related pathways such as the RPL11-MDM2-p53 pathway [3]. Additionally, Srbd1 has been associated with glaucoma, suggesting its role in eye-related pathologies [5,6,7]. Genetic models, like those in dogs, can be valuable for studying its function [7].

In functional studies, inactivation of Srbd1 in cells causes micronuclei, chromatin bridges, and cell death. Specifically, inactivating Srbd1 prior to mitotic entry leads to anaphase failure, with reduced topoisomerase IIα localization to mitotic chromosomes and defects in chromosome condensation and decatenation [1]. The loss of Srbd1 results in a pronounced defect in sister chromatid segregation, resembling the phenotype of topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) dysfunction [2]. In glioma, upregulation of Srbd1 activates the p53 signaling pathway through promoting RPL11 binding to MDM2, suppressing glioma growth [3]. In nucleus pulposus cells, knockdown of the selective autophagy receptor NBR1 leads to the accumulation of Srbd1, which triggers cellular senescence via AKT1/p53 and RB/p16 pathways, and promotes the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) via the NF-κβ pathway [4].

In summary, Srbd1 is crucial for chromosome organization and segregation during mitosis. Its role in the RPL11-MDM2-p53 pathway in glioma and its association with cellular senescence in nucleus pulposus cells highlight its significance in cancer and age-related degenerative diseases. The study of Srbd1 using gene-knockout models in various organisms provides insights into its functions and potential therapeutic targets for related diseases.