Hvcn1, also known as the voltage-gated hydrogen channel 1, is a member of the voltage-gated ion channel family. It plays a crucial role in regulating pH homeostasis by controlling acid extrusion in various cell types [1,2]. The associated pathways include those related to pH regulation, such as the processes involving the balance of intracellular and extracellular hydrogen ions. This function is of great biological importance as it impacts multiple physiological processes like cell signaling, metabolism, and cell survival. Genetic models, like knockout mice, are valuable for studying Hvcn1's functions.

In cardiac myocytes, RNA-seq analysis of murine Hvcn1 null hearts showed impaired pH homeostasis, with down-regulated NADPH oxidoreductases (NOXs) and decreased expression of Cl⁻/HCO₃⁻ exchanger, suggesting Hvcn1 is a regulator of gene transcriptional networks controlling NOX signaling and CO₂ homeostasis [2]. In microglia/macrophages, both genetic deletion of the Hvcn1 gene in vitro and neutralization of Hvcn1 with antibody in vivo promoted their migration and myelin debris clearance [3]. Hvcn1-deficient mice showed splenomegaly, autoantibodies, and nephritis, reminiscent of human autoimmune diseases, along with an increase in activated T-cells and attenuated superoxide anion production in T-cells upon stimulation [4].

In conclusion, Hvcn1 is essential for maintaining pH homeostasis in various cell types. Studies using Hvcn1 knockout mouse models have revealed its roles in cardiac function, microglia/macrophage migration, and T-cell homeostasis. These findings suggest Hvcn1's potential importance in diseases related to pH imbalance, such as certain autoimmune disorders.