Lhx2, a member of the LIM-homeobox gene family, is a transcription factor that plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes. It is involved in various signaling pathways such as TGF-β, Sonic Hedgehog, and is important for organ development, tissue regeneration, and disease-related processes [2,5]. Genetic models, especially KO/CKO mouse models, have been instrumental in understanding its functions.

In KO mouse models, Lhx2 has been shown to have diverse functions. In the liver, Lhx2 specifically expressed in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) promotes liver regeneration and inhibits fibrosis. Lhx2 knockdown impairs liver function recovery and cellular proliferation after acute liver injury, while overexpression promotes hepatocyte proliferation and has an antifibrogenic function after chronic injury, by suppressing activated HSCs functions and blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway [1].

In the developing mouse forebrain, Lhx2 mutant phenotypes have been characterized, revealing its role in telencephalic and eye field patterning, neuron-glia cell fate switch, axon pathfinding, and dendritic arborization [2].

In adult retinal ganglion cells, overexpression of Lhx2 promotes cell survival and axon regeneration in glaucoma-mimicking animal models by regulating regeneration-related genes and inhibiting Sema3C transcription [3].

In the developing gonads, Lhx2 knockout in germ cells leads to abnormal vascularization in the ovary and disrupted testicular cord organization, indicating its role in suppressing endothelial cell migration in the ovary and controlling tubular organization in the testis [4,6].

In the mouse fetus, Lhx2 knockdown at E15 markedly prolongs wound healing and promotes scar formation, suggesting its involvement in cell division associated with wound healing [7].

In conclusion, Lhx2 is a multifunctional transcription factor. Model-based research, particularly using KO/CKO mouse models, has revealed its essential functions in organ development, tissue regeneration, and disease-related processes such as liver fibrosis, glaucoma, and wound healing. Understanding Lhx2's functions provides potential therapeutic targets for treating related diseases.