Slc6a12, also known as betaine/GABA transporter-1 (BGT-1), is a neurotransmitter transporter. It functions as a transporter of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) with a 3 Na+: 1 Cl-: 1 GABA coupling stoichiometry, playing a role in maintaining GABA homeostasis [3,4]. It may be involved in multiple biological processes related to neural development, synaptic function, and neural protein transport, and is associated with pathways like the p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway [1,5].

In rheumatoid arthritis, high-salt intake promotes macrophage pyroptosis and disease progression through the activation of SGK1 by sodium transportation via the Slc6a12 channel [1]. In Parkinson's disease, inhibiting Slc6a12 expression in models enhances neuronal growth and reduces apoptosis, suggesting its involvement in the pathological process via the MAPK signaling pathway [5]. In hepatocellular carcinoma, SLC6A12 upregulation during lung metastases, and its depletion impairs metastasis as it stabilizes β-catenin to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling [3]. Additionally, SLC6A12 is a potential pericyte marker in the human brain [2].

In conclusion, Slc6a12 is crucial for GABA transportation and is involved in biological processes related to neural function and cell-death regulation. Its study in models has revealed its role in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma, providing insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.