Mnx1, also known as Motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1, encodes a homeobox transcription factor. It is crucial for pancreatic beta cell differentiation and development, and is involved in pathways related to cell development and potentially tumorigenesis [1]. Genetic models, such as gene knockout (KO) or conditional knockout (CKO) mouse models, can be valuable for studying its function.

Mutations of the MNX1 gene can cause permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM). A case of a preterm male infant with a homozygous MNX1 mutation presented in severe diabetic ketoacidosis and had extra-pancreatic features like hypospadias and congenital umbilical hernia, suggesting a variable phenotype associated with MNX1 mutations [1]. In lung adenocarcinoma, MNX1 knockdown significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, hindered cell cycle progression, promoted apoptosis in vitro, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo, as it directly binds to the CCDC34 promoter and transcriptionally activates CCDC34 expression [2].

In conclusion, Mnx1 is essential for pancreatic beta cell development. Model-based research, especially KO mouse models, has revealed its role in neonatal diabetes and lung adenocarcinoma. Understanding Mnx1 provides insights into disease mechanisms, potentially leading to new treatment strategies for these conditions.