Igflr1, also known as Insulin Growth Factor-Like receptor 1, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family [4]. It has been implicated in various biological processes and disease conditions. The connection between murine insulin growth factor-like (mIGFL) and IGFLR1 receptor suggests that mIGFL may influence T cell biology within inflammatory skin conditions [4]. It has also been associated with pathways related to immune response and cell migration, as seen in studies on type 2 innate lymphoid cells in asthma patients where its expression was upregulated in response to certain Prostaglandin D2 metabolites [5].

In cancer research, IGFLR1 has emerged as a significant biomarker. In clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC), upregulated IGFLR1 was detected compared to para-cancer tissues, significantly affecting prognosis, and it may be related to tumor-related immune infiltration, regulatory activation of lymphocytes, intercellular adhesion, and drug resistance [2]. In colorectal cancer, it was highly expressed in CXCL13 + BHLHE40 + TH1-like cells and CD8 + exhausted T cells, possessing co-stimulatory functions [1]. Also, in stage II and III colorectal cancer, IGFLR1 was an independent prognostic factor, and patients with high IGFLR1 had a better prognosis [3]. Additionally, CNV analysis in a study on congenital scoliosis and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract pinpointed IGFLR1 haploinsufficiency as a potential influential factor in the combined phenotypic spectrum [6].

In conclusion, IGFLR1 plays important roles in immune-related biological processes and is significantly associated with the prognosis in various cancers, particularly ccRCC and colorectal cancer. Its study through different models has provided insights into its functions in disease, and further research may help in developing diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic strategies related to these diseases.