Il10rb, also known as interleukin 10 receptor subunit beta, is a crucial component of cytokine receptor complexes. It is involved in interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-22 (IL-22) signaling pathways. These pathways play important roles in immune regulation, host defense, and maintaining tissue homeostasis [1,2,3,4,5,6].

In the context of diseases, loss-of-function mutations in IL10RB have significant impacts. In human small intestinal organoids (hSIOs), introducing IBD-associated IL10RB loss-of-function mutations abolishes Paneth cell formation, highlighting its role in intestinal cell differentiation as IL-22, which signals through IL10RB, is required for Paneth cell development [1]. In COVID-19, predicted genetically regulated gene expression (GReX) up-regulation of IL10RB and higher IL10RB expression in patient blood are associated with worse outcomes, and in vitro overexpression increases viral load and activates immune-related molecular pathways, suggesting its importance in host susceptibility to COVID-19 [2,5]. Also, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), IL10RB polymorphisms/haplotypes are associated with disease susceptibility and clinical manifestations [3].

In conclusion, Il10rb is essential for normal immune and tissue-related functions. Model-based research, especially through loss-of-function experiments, has revealed its key roles in diseases such as IBD, COVID-19, and SLE. Understanding Il10rb can provide insights into disease mechanisms and potentially lead to new therapeutic strategies for these conditions.