Olr1, also known as oxidized LDL receptor 1, encodes LOX-1, LOXIN, and OLR1D4 transcript variants. It is a lectin-like scavenger receptor that recognizes ligands such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). It has been implicated in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and is involved in pathways like IGF-1R/RAC1/OLR1 which is related to renal ox-LDL deposition [2,3].

In cancer research, OLR1 is highly expressed in most cancers and associated with patient prognosis. In pancreatic cancer, OLR1 promotes proliferation and metastasis by increasing c-Myc expression and HMGA2 transcription [5]. In HNSCC, it is related to advanced clinicopathological factors, unfavorable outcomes, and may affect EMT, stemness, and cuproptosis resistance. High OLR1-expressing HNSCC patients are prone to immune escape and less responsive to ICI therapy [1,6]. In esophageal cancer, OLR1 suppresses autophagic cell death to promote tumorigenesis [7]. In PCOS, its gene variations are associated with the disease and atherosclerotic risk factors [4]. In coronary artery disease, polymorphisms in the OLR1 gene haplotype block, especially rs1050283 and rs3736235, are significantly associated with the disease risk [2].

In conclusion, Olr1 plays crucial roles in multiple disease conditions, including cancers, PCOS, and coronary artery disease. Its functions range from promoting cancer metastasis and affecting tumor-related processes like EMT and autophagy, to being associated with disease-related gene polymorphisms. Research on Olr1, especially through gene-based models in the future, may provide more insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

References:

1. Wu, Lei, Liu, Yuantong, Deng, Weiwei, Bu, Linlin, Chen, Lei. 2023. OLR1 Is a Pan-Cancer Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Predictor Associated with EMT and Cuproptosis in HNSCC. In International journal of molecular sciences, 24, . doi:10.3390/ijms241612904. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37629087/

2. Salehipour, Pouya, Rezagholizadeh, Farzaneh, Mahdiannasser, Mojdeh, Kazerani, Reihane, Modarressi, Mohammad Hossein. 2021. Association of OLR1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In Heart & lung : the journal of critical care, 50, 334-343. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.01.015. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33524863/

3. Jiang, Wei, Gan, Chun, Zhou, Xindi, Yang, Haiping, Li, Qiu. 2023. Klotho inhibits renal ox-LDL deposition via IGF-1R/RAC1/OLR1 signaling to ameliorate podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease. In Cardiovascular diabetology, 22, 293. doi:10.1186/s12933-023-02025-w. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37891556/

4. Sahin, Serap Baydur, Nalkiran, Ihsan, Ayaz, Teslime, Calapoglu, Tugba, Sevim Nalkiran, Hatice. 2023. Genetic variations in OLR1 gene associated with PCOS and atherosclerotic risk factors. In Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 71, 113-123. doi:10.1177/10815589221141831. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36647317/

5. Yang, Gang, Xiong, Guangbing, Feng, Mengyu, Zhang, Taiping, Zhao, Yupei. 2020. OLR1 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis via Increased c-Myc Expression and Transcription of HMGA2. In Molecular cancer research : MCR, 18, 685-697. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-19-0718. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32019809/

6. Zhang, Peng, Zhao, Yan, Xia, Xin, Yu, Shuting, Chen, Xingming. 2023. Expression of OLR1 gene on tumor-associated macrophages of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and its correlation with clinical outcome. In Oncoimmunology, 12, 2203073. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2023.2203073. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37089448/

7. Li, Can, Wang, Lan. 2021. TFEB-dependent autophagy is involved in scavenger receptor OLR1/LOX-1-mediated tumor progression. In Autophagy, 18, 462-464. doi:10.1080/15548627.2021.2012970. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34936535/