ADGRG1, also known as GPR56, is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor. It plays crucial roles in diverse physiological functions such as those in the central and peripheral nervous systems, reproductive system, muscle hypertrophy, immune regulation, and hematopoietic stem cell generation. It is involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix communications and may participate in various signaling pathways. Genetic models, like KO/CKO mouse models, are valuable for studying its functions [1,2].

Knocking out Adgrg1 specifically in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) significantly decreases OPC proliferation and the number of myelinated axons, indicating an autonomous functional role for Adgrg1 in OPCs related to myelination [5]. In the placenta, Hand1 activates the expression of Adgrg1 during trophoblast giant cell (TGC) differentiation. Knockdown of Adgrg1 leads to increased Prl2c2 expression and enhanced cell migration and invasion during TGC differentiation [3]. In cervical squamous carcinoma, knockdown of ADGRG1 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and increases cell sensitivity to cisplatin, suggesting it acts as an oncogene [4].

In conclusion, Adgrg1 is essential for multiple physiological processes. Studies using KO/CKO mouse models and knockdown experiments have revealed its role in myelination, placental development, and cancer-related processes. These findings contribute to understanding diseases related to abnormal myelination, placental function, and cancer, potentially providing new targets for treatment [3,4,5].

References:

1. Singh, Abhishek Kumar, Lin, Hsi-Hsien. 2021. The role of GPR56/ADGRG1 in health and disease. In Biomedical journal, 44, 534-547. doi:10.1016/j.bj.2021.04.012. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34654683/

2. Hsiao, Cheng-Chih, Vos, Els, van Gisbergen, Klaas P J M, Hamann, Jörg. 2023. The adhesion G protein-coupled receptor GPR56/ADGRG1 in cytotoxic lymphocytes. In Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 133, 286-294. doi:10.1111/bcpt.13841. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36750420/

3. Yu, Yongqin, Mu, Change, Xu, Yingchun, Wang, Haibin, Lu, Jinhua. 2022. Adgrg1 is a new transcriptional target of Hand1 during trophoblast giant cell differentiation. In Journal of reproductive immunology, 154, 103753. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2022.103753. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36228547/

4. Zhang, Shuo, Guo, Kui, Liang, Ying, Liu, Shuyan, Yang, Xingsheng. 2021. ADGRG1 Is a Predictor of Chemoresistance and Poor Survival in Cervical Squamous Carcinoma. In Frontiers in oncology, 11, 671895. doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.671895. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34367958/

5. Chiou, Brian, Gao, Chuang, Giera, Stefanie, Jiang, Rongcai, Piao, Xianhua. 2020. Cell type-specific evaluation of ADGRG1/GPR56 function in developmental central nervous system myelination. In Glia, 69, 413-423. doi:10.1002/glia.23906. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32902916/