Ptgds, prostaglandin D2 synthase, is a glycoprotein belonging to the lipocalin superfamily. It has dual functions in prostaglandins metabolism and lipid transport, and is involved in various cellular processes. The gene is associated with pathways like Wnt-β-catenin-STAT3, and its study via genetic models helps understand its role in different biological contexts [1,2].

In multiple cancers, high Ptgds expression promotes tumorigenesis. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), it enhances cell proliferation and its knockdown or treatment with inhibitor AT56 exerts anti-tumor effects by regulating cell viability, apoptosis, etc., and enhances drug sensitivity. It acts through MYH9-mediated regulation of Wnt-β-catenin-STAT3 signaling [1]. In peripheral T cell lymphoma, high Ptgds expression is linked to poor prognosis, and its knockdown promotes ferroptosis and increases sensitivity to ferroptosis inducers [3]. In contrast, in endometrial cancer, medulloblastoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma, low Ptgds expression is associated with poor prognosis [4,5,6]. In addition, in aminoglycoside-induced vestibular dysfunction, Ptgds knockdown protects vestibular hair cells [2].

In summary, Ptgds plays diverse roles in different diseases. In many cancers, its expression level is closely related to tumor progression and prognosis. The use of gene knockout or knockdown models in these studies has been crucial in revealing its functions in cancer development, as well as in other disease conditions like vestibular dysfunction. This helps in understanding the underlying mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic targets.

References:

1. Hu, Shunfeng, Ren, Shuai, Cai, Yiqing, Zhou, Xiangxiang, Wang, Xin. 2021. Glycoprotein PTGDS promotes tumorigenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by MYH9-mediated regulation of Wnt-β-catenin-STAT3 signaling. In Cell death and differentiation, 29, 642-656. doi:10.1038/s41418-021-00880-2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34743203/

2. Chen, Chen, Zhao, Zhimin, Han, Jinghong, Zhang, Yue, Nie, Guohui. 2025. Ptgds downregulation protect vestibular hair cells from aminoglycoside-induced vestibulotoxicity. In PloS one, 20, e0320634. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0320634. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40198625/

3. Hu, Shunfeng, Liu, Bingyu, Shang, Juanjuan, Zhou, Xiangxiang, Wang, Xin. 2024. Targeting PTGDS Promotes ferroptosis in peripheral T cell lymphoma through regulating HMOX1-mediated iron metabolism. In British journal of cancer, 132, 384-400. doi:10.1038/s41416-024-02919-w. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39706989/

4. Zou, Ruoyao, Zheng, Mingjun, Tan, Mingzi, Luan, Nannan, Zhu, Liancheng. 2020. Decreased PTGDS Expression Predicting Poor Survival of Endometrial Cancer by Integrating Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis and Immunohistochemical Validation. In Cancer management and research, 12, 5057-5075. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S255753. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32617019/

5. Ren, Zhangping, Gao, Ming, Jiang, Wei. 2022. Prognostic role of NLGN2 and PTGDS in medulloblastoma based on gene expression omnibus. In American journal of translational research, 14, 3769-3782. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35836891/

6. Chen, Bohong, Guo, Li, Wang, Lihui, Wu, Dapeng, Du, Yuefeng. 2024. Leveraging cell death patterns to predict metastasis in prostate adenocarcinoma and targeting PTGDS for tumor suppression. In Scientific reports, 14, 21680. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-72985-w. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39289451/