Nfrkb, short for nuclear factor related to kappaB binding protein, is a metazoan-specific subunit of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex. The INO80 complex is crucial for gene transcription regulation, and is involved in DNA repair, replication, and other important cellular biological processes [1].

In human ALT cells, Nfrkb can associate with telomeres. Loss of Nfrkb in U2OS cells leads to telomere dysfunction and fewer PML bodies. Also, it is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its high expression is related to short overall survival time and poor prognosis, suggesting it may be a prognostic biomarker for HCC treatment [2]. In gastric cancer cells, lncRNA DRAIC can interfere with the deubiquitination of Nfrkb mediated by UCHL5, promoting Nfrkb degradation via ubiquitination and thus inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells [3]. In minimal change nephrotic syndrome, Nfrkb is upregulated in relapse, mainly in CD4+T cells and B cells, and promotes hypomethylation of genomic DNA, potentially involved in transcriptional regulation disorders during relapse [4].

In summary, Nfrkb, as a subunit of the INO80 complex, plays important roles in multiple biological processes. Its functions in telomere protection, and its implications in liver and gastric cancers, as well as in minimal change nephrotic syndrome, have been revealed through relevant studies. Understanding Nfrkb can provide insights into these disease mechanisms and potential treatment strategies.

References:

1. Peng, Qiyao, Wan, Dan, Zhou, Rongrong, Huang, Xuekuan, Peng, Yongbo. 2022. The biological function of metazoan-specific subunit nuclear factor related to kappaB binding protein of INO80 complex. In International journal of biological macromolecules, 203, 176-183. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.155. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35093437/

2. Peng, Qiyao, Zhou, Mingqing, Zuo, Shanru, He, Zuping, He, Quanyuan. 2021. Nuclear Factor Related to KappaB Binding Protein (NFRKB) Is a Telomere-Associated Protein and Involved in Liver Cancer Development. In DNA and cell biology, 40, 1298-1307. doi:10.1089/dna.2021.0486. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34591601/

3. Zhang, Zheng, Hu, Xiaoxuan, Kuang, Jia, Liao, Jinmao, Yuan, Qi. 2020. LncRNA DRAIC inhibits proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells through interfering with NFRKB deubiquitination mediated by UCHL5. In Cellular & molecular biology letters, 25, 29. doi:10.1186/s11658-020-00221-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32351584/

4. Audard, Vincent, Pawlak, André, Candelier, Marina, Lang, Philippe, Sahali, Djillali. 2012. Upregulation of nuclear factor-related kappa B suggests a disorder of transcriptional regulation in minimal change nephrotic syndrome. In PloS one, 7, e30523. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030523. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22291976/