Pvr, also known as Poliovirus receptor (CD155), is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It plays an immunomodulatory role by interacting with CD226, CD96, and TIGIT, especially with TIGIT which binds to Pvr with the highest affinity. Pvr is essential for promoting cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and is also involved in wound-related responses in Drosophila [1,3,4].

In multiple myeloma, Pvr is highly expressed, and its expression is significantly associated with advanced stages and metastasis, with high Pvr expression predicting shorter overall and progression-free survival, making it a potential prognostic marker [1]. In lung squamous cell carcinoma, high Pvr expression is correlated with advanced TNM stage and a worse prognosis, and Pvr/PD-L1 co-expression is an independent prognostic factor and a potential biomarker for dual-targeting immunotherapy [2]. In hepatocellular carcinoma, Pvr is commonly overexpressed, and high mRNA expression is associated with poor overall and relapse-free survival, as well as correlated with immune cell infiltration [3].

In conclusion, Pvr is crucial in immunomodulation, cancer progression, and wound-related processes. Its abnormal expression in multiple cancers, as revealed through various in vivo-like studies in patients, indicates its potential as a prognostic biomarker and a target for immunotherapy in oncology.

References:

1. Lee, Byung-Hyun, Kim, Ji-Hea, Kang, Ka-Won, Sung, Hwa-Jung, Kim, Byung-Soo. 2022. PVR (CD155) Expression as a Potential Prognostic Marker in Multiple Myeloma. In Biomedicines, 10, . doi:10.3390/biomedicines10051099. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35625835/

2. Yang, Zhenlin, Peng, Yue, Xu, Jiachen, Gao, Shugeng, He, Jie. 2022. PVR/TIGIT and PD-L1/PD-1 expression predicts survival and enlightens combined immunotherapy in lung squamous cell carcinoma. In Translational oncology, 24, 101501. doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101501. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35926369/

3. Liu, Wen-Feng, Quan, Bing, Li, Miao, Hu, Ke-Shu, Yin, Xin. 2022. PVR-A Prognostic Biomarker Correlated with Immune Cell Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 12, . doi:10.3390/diagnostics12122953. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36552960/

4. Tsai, Chang-Ru, Wang, Yan, Jacobson, Alec, Kumaraswami, Muthiah, Galko, Michael J. . Pvr and distinct downstream signaling factors are required for hemocyte spreading and epidermal wound closure at Drosophila larval wound sites. In G3 (Bethesda, Md.), 12, . doi:10.1093/g3journal/jkab388. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34751396/