PARP8, short for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 8, is involved in multiple biological processes. It may play a role in DNA repair, which is crucial for maintaining genomic stability [2,6,7]. Also, it is associated with immunogenic cell death, a process that can activate innate and adaptive immune responses [5].

In human studies, PARP8 has been linked to several conditions. High-scoring signals of positive selection were detected at PARP8 among innate immunity genes, and interactions with HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 were identified, suggesting its role in immunity [1]. In high myopia patients, a missense variant in PARP8 was found, indicating it as a new candidate disease-causing gene [3]. In prostate cancer, deletion of PARP8 correlated with progression-free survival, and a panel including PARP8 deletion had risk stratification potential [4]. In uveal melanoma, downregulation of PARP8 led to decreased cell proliferation and slower migration [5]. It was also identified as a hub gene in differentiating latent from active tuberculosis in children, potentially governing the transition through various pathways [6], and in ulcerative colitis, where it was part of a diagnostic model related to ferroptosis [7].

In summary, PARP8 is involved in DNA repair and immunogenic cell death. Studies in various human diseases such as immunity-related diseases, high myopia, prostate cancer, uveal melanoma, tuberculosis, and ulcerative colitis have revealed its potential importance in these disease conditions, highlighting its significance as a gene worthy of further research in understanding disease mechanisms.

References:

1. Urnikyte, Alina, Masiulyte, Abigaile, Pranckeniene, Laura, Kučinskas, Vaidutis. 2023. Disentangling archaic introgression and genomic signatures of selection at human immunity genes. In Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 116, 105528. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105528. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37977419/

2. Dong, Kunzhe, Yao, Na, Pu, Yabin, Rao, Shaoqi, Ma, Yuehui. 2014. Genomic scan reveals loci under altitude adaptation in Tibetan and Dahe pigs. In PloS one, 9, e110520. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110520. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25329542/

3. Liu, Yang, Zhang, Jin-Jin, Piao, Shun-Yu, Jin, Zi-Bing, Zhuang, Wen-Juan. 2021. Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Cohort of High Myopia Patients in Northwest China. In Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 9, 645501. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.645501. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34222226/

4. Alfahed, Abdulaziz, Ebili, Henry Okuchukwu, Almoammar, Nasser Eissa, Abdulwahed, Abdulhadi M, Waggiallah, Hisham Ali. 2023. Prognostic Values of Gene Copy Number Alterations in Prostate Cancer. In Genes, 14, . doi:10.3390/genes14050956. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37239316/

5. Li, Xiaoyan, Kang, Jing, Yue, Jing, Wang, Lin, Li, Guoyin. 2023. Identification and validation of immunogenic cell death-related score in uveal melanoma to improve prediction of prognosis and response to immunotherapy. In Aging, 15, 3442-3464. doi:10.18632/aging.204680. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37142279/

6. Chen, Liang, Hua, Jie, Dai, Xiaoting, He, Xiaopu. . Assessment of ferroptosis-associated gene signatures as potential biomarkers for differentiating latent from active tuberculosis in children. In Microbial genomics, 9, . doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000997. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37163321/

7. Qian, Rui, Tang, Min, Ouyang, Zichen, Cheng, Honghui, Xing, Sizhong. . Identification of ferroptosis-related genes in ulcerative colitis: a diagnostic model with machine learning. In Annals of translational medicine, 11, 177. doi:10.21037/atm-23-276. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36923072/