Prrg1, also known as transmembrane proline-rich Gla protein 1, is a gene whose protein product is a transmembrane Gla protein. Its function involves participating in various biological processes related to cancer biology. It has been implicated in pathways that regulate tumor-related activities, and its abnormal expression can impact the progression of certain cancers [2].

In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), PRRG1 was significantly upregulated compared to normal pancreas, and its knockdown reduced PDAC cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo [2]. In hepatocellular carcinoma, the expression levels of the miR-17-92 cluster members and host gene in the tumor tissues are negatively correlated with PRRG1 [1]. Also, in breast cancer, PRRG1 was identified as one of the 6-gene signatures for survival prediction [5]. In gliomas, it was part of a macrophage-related gene signature predictive of therapeutic response and prognosis [3]. In TP53-depleted HCT116 colon cancer cells, PRRG1 was suggested as a potentially novel TP53 target gene that may play a role in mediating the 5-fluorouracil-induced DNA damage response in TP53-proficient cells [4].

In conclusion, PRRG1 is closely associated with multiple cancers, including pancreatic, liver, breast, and colon cancers, as well as gliomas. Its role in these diseases is mainly related to tumor progression, prognosis prediction, and response to therapies. The study of PRRG1 knockout or conditional knockout models in these contexts can help further clarify its functions in disease-related biological processes, providing potential new targets for cancer treatment and prognosis assessment.

References:

1. Zhu, Hanqing, Han, Chang, Wu, Tong. 2015. MiR-17-92 cluster promotes hepatocarcinogenesis. In Carcinogenesis, 36, 1213-22. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgv112. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26233958/

2. Wu, Zheng, Ye, Qing, Zhang, Shan, Li, Dong-Xue, Yang, Xiao-Mei. . Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein 1 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression through stabilizing oncoprotein KRAS and tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR. In Clinical and translational medicine, 15, e70191. doi:10.1002/ctm2.70191. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39843398/

3. Sun, Xiaoqiang, Liu, Xiaoping, Xia, Mengxue, Shao, Yongzhao, Zhang, Xiaohua Douglas. 2019. Multicellular gene network analysis identifies a macrophage-related gene signature predictive of therapeutic response and prognosis of gliomas. In Journal of translational medicine, 17, 159. doi:10.1186/s12967-019-1908-1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31097021/

4. Adamsen, Birgitte Lid, Kravik, Katherine L, Clausen, Ole P F, De Angelis, Paula M. . Apoptosis, cell cycle progression and gene expression in TP53-depleted HCT116 colon cancer cells in response to short-term 5-fluorouracil treatment. In International journal of oncology, 31, 1491-500. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17982676/

5. Mo, Wenju, Ding, Yuqin, Zhao, Shuai, Zou, Dehong, Ding, Xiaowen. 2020. Identification of a 6-gene signature for the survival prediction of breast cancer patients based on integrated multi-omics data analysis. In PloS one, 15, e0241924. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241924. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33170908/