Borcs5 is one of the eight coiled-coil proteins in the BORC (BLOC-one-related complex), which is crucial for controlling lysosomal and synaptic vesicle transport and positioning by recruiting ARL8 [6]. The BORC complex, of which Borcs5 is a part, is involved in multiple cellular processes related to vesicle trafficking, with potential implications for normal cell function and development.

In Ewing sarcoma, a newly identified LMO3-Borcs5 fusion oncogene at relapse was highly expressed, increasing cell proliferation, decreasing apoptosis-related gene expression and treatment sensitivity, and modulating differentiation-related genes [1]. In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the expression of Borcs5 was dynamically decreased during ARDS development, suggesting its potential involvement in immune-inflammatory processes [2]. In the autophagy-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strain, depletion of Borcs5-8 reverted autophagy avoidance, increasing lysosomal delivery to the pathogen's phagosomes [3]. In ducks, selection signals in the commercial population associated with growth and muscle development pathways were related to Borcs5 [4]. In scirrhous-type gastric cancer cell lines, a novel Borcs5-ETV6 fusion gene was identified with oncogenic activity [5].

In conclusion, Borcs5 is integral to the BORC complex's function in vesicle transport. Its involvement in diseases such as Ewing sarcoma, ARDS, and gastric cancer, as well as in autophagy evasion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and growth-related traits in ducks, highlights its significance in various biological processes and disease conditions. Studies related to Borcs5 contribute to a better understanding of disease mechanisms and may potentially lead to new therapeutic strategies.

References:

1. Dupain, Célia, Gracia, Céline, Harttrampf, Anne C, Geoerger, Birgit, Massaad-Massade, Liliane. 2019. Newly identified LMO3-BORCS5 fusion oncogene in Ewing sarcoma at relapse is a driver of tumor progression. In Oncogene, 38, 7200-7215. doi:10.1038/s41388-019-0914-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488873/

2. Du, Mulong, Garcia, Joe G N, Christie, Jason D, Chen, Feng, Christiani, David C. 2021. Integrative omics provide biological and clinical insights into acute respiratory distress syndrome. In Intensive care medicine, 47, 761-771. doi:10.1007/s00134-021-06410-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34032881/

3. Tunganuntarat, Janpen, Kanjanasirirat, Phongthon, Khumpanied, Tanawadee, Palittapongarnpim, Prasit, Ponpuak, Marisa. 2023. BORC complex specific components and Kinesin-1 mediate autophagy evasion by the autophagy-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strain. In Scientific reports, 13, 1663. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-28983-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36717601/

4. Huang, Zhirong, Zhang, Liyun, Luo, Maojun, Wu, Zhongping, Li, Xiujin. 2024. Whole-genome resequencing reveals genetic differentiation and selection signatures among wild, local and commercial duck populations. In Animal bioscience, 38, 898-909. doi:10.5713/ab.24.0643. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40336248/

5. Sai, Eirin, Miwa, Yoshiyuki, Takeyama, Reina, Seto, Yasuyuki, Mano, Hiroyuki. 2019. Identification of candidates for driver oncogenes in scirrhous-type gastric cancer cell lines. In Cancer science, 110, 2643-2651. doi:10.1111/cas.14111. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31222839/

6. Ge, Xuan, Ren, Jinqi, Gu, Kewei, Shen, Kang, Feng, Wei. 2024. The structure and assembly of the hetero-octameric BLOC-one-related complex. In Structure (London, England : 1993), 33, 234-246.e6. doi:10.1016/j.str.2024.12.001. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39740668/