Wdr64 is a testis-specific gene. The WD40 repeat (WDR) domain it contains is known for providing sites for protein-protein interactions, which are crucial in various biological processes. Wdr64 may be involved in pathways related to spermatogenesis, given its specific expression pattern in the testis [1].

One study identified Wdr64 as a novel testis-specific gene with typical WD40 protein characteristics of two β-propellers, highly conserved in Mammalia. It is highly expressed in the testis, with its protein expression increasing from postnatal Day 7 to Day 28 and remaining high. Immunofluorescence showed its dynamic localization from posterior to the nucleus in certain spermatids (steps 8-14) in line with manchette, moving to flagella in steps 15-16 spermatids, and finally localizing at the mid-piece of the flagellum in mature spermatozoa. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) found that Wdr64 interacts with ODF1 to form a complex, suggesting its involvement in the assembly of the manchette and flagella during spermiogenesis [1]. Another study proposed Wdr64 as a potential candidate gene in sheep's innate resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection, indicating its possible role in host immunity [2].

In summary, Wdr64 is mainly involved in spermatogenesis, likely through its interaction with ODF1 to contribute to manchette and flagellum formation in sperm cells. Additionally, it may play a role in host immunity against Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep, as suggested by genetic association studies. Understanding Wdr64's functions can provide insights into male reproductive biology and host-pathogen interactions [1,2].

References:

1. Zhang, Yunfei, Xing, Xiaowei, Huang, Lihua, Zhang, Xinxing, Yang, Youbo. 2024. WDR64, a testis-specific protein, is involved in the manchette and flagellum formation by interacting with ODF1. In Heliyon, 10, e38263. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38263. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39386799/

2. Yaman, Yalçın, Bay, Veysel, Kişi, Yiğit Emir. 2025. Discovery of host genetic factors through multi-locus GWAS against toxoplasmosis in sheep: addressing one health perspectives. In BMC veterinary research, 21, 263. doi:10.1186/s12917-025-04719-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40221787/