RASSF10, a member of the Ras-association domain family, is often regarded as a tumor-suppressor gene. It contains a RA (Ras-association) and two coiled domains. RASSF10 is involved in multiple biological pathways such as cell cycle control, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and its abnormal methylation can impact tumor-related processes [3,1].

In Ras-association domain family 10 (Rassf10) knockout mice, Rassf10 haploinsufficiency promotes neoplasia formation in Rassf1A-/-and p53-/-mouse cancer models, increasing the incidence of diseases like lymphoma and thymoma. In human kidney cancer, RASSF10 is frequently epigenetically inactivated by CpG island promoter hypermethylation, correlating with decreased survival and progressed disease state [2]. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), overexpression of RASSF10 reduces cell growth, colony formation, migration, and invasion, and is associated with inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway [1].

In conclusion, RASSF10 functions as a tumor suppressor, influencing processes like neoplasia formation, cell growth, and metastasis across various cancers. The Rassf10 knockout mouse models have been crucial in revealing its role in cancer-related disease conditions, highlighting its potential as a diagnostic, prognostic biomarker, and a candidate for targeted therapy.

References:

1. Liu, Yifei, Zhu, Xiaohui, Zhang, Wenwen, Feng, Jia, Shi, Jiahai. 2022. RASSF10 exhibits tumor‑suppressing potential involving tumor proliferation, metastasis and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In Oncology reports, 47, . doi:10.3892/or.2022.8291. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35211758/

2. Richter, Antje M, Woods, Michelle L, Küster, Miriam M, Boettger, Thomas, Dammann, Reinhard H. 2020. RASSF10 is frequently epigenetically inactivated in kidney cancer and its knockout promotes neoplasia in cancer prone mice. In Oncogene, 39, 3114-3127. doi:10.1038/s41388-020-1195-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32047266/

3. Richter, Antje M, Küster, Miriam M, Woods, Michelle L, Krueger, Marcus, Dammann, Reinhard H. 2019. RASSF10 Is a TGFβ-Target That Regulates ASPP2 and E-Cadherin Expression and Acts as Tumor Suppressor That Is Epigenetically Downregulated in Advanced Cancer. In Cancers, 11, . doi:10.3390/cancers11121976. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31817988/