Interleukin-10 (IL10) is a cytokine belonging to the IL-10 family. It plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis during infection and inflammation by restricting excessive inflammatory responses, upregulating innate immunity, and promoting tissue repair mechanisms [3]. IL10 is involved in various immune-related pathways and is important for the modulation of immune responses, which can impact a wide range of biological processes and disease states. Genetic studies of IL10, such as those focusing on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), can provide insights into its functions [1].

A meta-analysis found associations between IL10 SNPs (rs1800871, rs1800896) and sepsis, especially in Asians, and the three polymorphisms (rs1800871, rs1800872, rs1800896) were identified to regulate IL10 expression in an eQTL analysis, with increased IL10 expression related to sepsis development [1]. Another meta-analysis showed that IL10 rs1800896 polymorphism may be a predictive marker for childhood asthma in Asians [2]. IL10/IL10R deficiencies are monogenic inborn errors of immunity causing early-onset inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), presenting with treatment-resistant IBD in early life [4]. In food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), children had significantly lower IL10 values compared to the healthy control group, which may be a molecular diagnostic marker [5].

In conclusion, IL10 is essential for maintaining immune-related tissue homeostasis. Model-based research, such as genetic polymorphism studies, has revealed its associations with diseases like sepsis, childhood asthma, IBD, and FPIES. Understanding IL10's functions through these models contributes to a better understanding of disease mechanisms and potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

References:

1. Zhang, Ning, Wang, Siting, Fan, Yipan, Sheng, Changding, Ge, Weixing. 2022. Association Between IL10 Polymorphisms and the Susceptibility to Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis. In Biochemical genetics, 61, 847-860. doi:10.1007/s10528-022-10310-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36534332/

2. Zhou, Zhihong, Zhang, Hui, Yuan, Yuanhong. 2023. Association between IL10 rs1800896 polymorphism and risk of pediatric asthma: A meta-analysis. In The clinical respiratory journal, 17, 1276-1285. doi:10.1111/crj.13714. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37937689/

3. Ouyang, Wenjun, O'Garra, Anne. . IL-10 Family Cytokines IL-10 and IL-22: from Basic Science to Clinical Translation. In Immunity, 50, 871-891. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30995504/

4. Sharifinejad, Niusha, Zaki-Dizaji, Majid, Sepahvandi, Roya, Ochs, Hans D, Azizi, Gholamreza. . The clinical, molecular, and therapeutic features of patients with IL10/IL10R deficiency: a systematic review. In Clinical and experimental immunology, 208, 281-291. doi:10.1093/cei/uxac040. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35481870/

5. Galliano, Ilaria, Montanari, Paola, Monti, Giovanna, Gambarino, Stefano, Bergallo, Massimiliano. 2024. IL10 and CXCL10 mRNA expression in food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. In Cytokine, 182, 156720. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156720. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39133968/