Ktn1, or kinectin 1, is a gene with significant biological implications. It is involved in multiple cellular processes such as cell cycle, DNA replication, and is associated with pathways like innate immune response, chemical carcinogenesis, and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II [1].

In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), knockout of Ktn1 in Huh7 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system inhibited cell viability, migration, and invasion. The proportion of HCC cells in the G0-G1 phases increased, and apoptosis rates elevated. This indicates that Ktn1 promotes HCC occurrence and deterioration by mediating cell survival, migration, invasion, cell cycle activation, and apoptotic inhibition [1]. In attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Ktn1 variants were significantly associated with the disorder, and the major alleles of some risk SNPs increased putamen volumes. Ktn1 may play a functional role in ADHD development [2]. In Parkinson's disease (PD), certain Ktn1 variants were related to an increased risk of PD, higher Ktn1 mRNA expression in the putamen or substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and increased putamen gray matter volumes, suggesting Ktn1 may have a role in PD development [3].

In conclusion, Ktn1 plays essential roles in various biological processes and disease conditions. The gene knockout studies in HCC cells and the association studies in ADHD and PD have provided insights into its functions in these diseases, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in HCC, and its significance in the development of ADHD and PD.

References:

1. Pan, Jian, Chao, Nai-Xia, Zhang, Yao-Yao, Huang, Rong-Shi, Luo, Guo-Rong. 2021. Upregulating KTN1 promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma progression. In Journal of Cancer, 12, 4791-4809. doi:10.7150/jca.55570. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34234850/

2. Luo, Xingguang, Guo, Xiaoyun, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Kesheng, Li, Chiang-Shan R. 2020. KTN1 variants and risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 183, 234-244. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32782. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32190980/

3. Mao, Qiao, Wang, Xiaoping, Chen, Bin, Li, Chiang-Shan R, Luo, Xingguang. 2020. KTN1 Variants Underlying Putamen Gray Matter Volumes and Parkinson's Disease. In Frontiers in neuroscience, 14, 651. doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00651. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32655362/