Pglyrp3, a peptidoglycan recognition protein, is an innate immunity protein with bactericidal properties. It functions in antibacterial innate immunity, recognizing bacterial peptidoglycan. Pglyrp3 is involved in pathways such as the NF-κB signaling pathway, and its anti-inflammatory effects may be related to the negative regulation of this pathway [2,3]. It plays a significant role in maintaining gut microbiome homeostasis and protecting against certain inflammatory conditions [1,4]. Genetic models, like knockout mice, are valuable for studying its functions.

In Pglyrp3 knockout mice, studies show that Pglyrp3 is crucial for protecting against DSS-induced colitis. For example, the combined deficiency of Pglyrp3 and Nod2 in mice leads to higher sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis, with decreased survival, more weight loss, increased intestinal bleeding, and elevated cytokine expression, indicating its role in maintaining gut homeostasis and protection against colitis [4]. Also, in WT and Pglyrp3 -/- mice models, it was found that Pglyrp3 facilitates the recognition of bifidobacterial cell wall-derived peptidoglycan, and together with Bifidobacterium adolescentis, it can reduce meta-inflammation and mitigate intestinal immunopathology [1].

In conclusion, Pglyrp3 is essential for maintaining gut homeostasis and protecting against colitis. The study of Pglyrp3 knockout mouse models has provided insights into its role in intestinal inflammation, highlighting its importance in this disease area.

References:

1. Ghadimi, Darab, de Vrese, Michael, Ebsen, Michael, Heller, Knut J, Bockelmann, Wilhelm. 2020. Study on the additive protective effect of PGLYRP3 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis Reuter 1963 on severity of DSS-induced colitis in Pglyrp3 knockout (Pglyrp3 -/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. In Immunobiology, 226, 152028. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152028. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33242664/

2. Zenhom, Marwa, Hyder, Ayman, Kraus-Stojanowic, Ina, Roeder, Thomas, Schrezenmeir, Jürgen. 2010. PPARγ-dependent peptidoglycan recognition protein 3 (PGlyRP3) expression regulates proinflammatory cytokines by microbial and dietary fatty acids. In Immunobiology, 216, 715-24. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2010.10.008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176858/

3. Zenhom, Marwa, Hyder, Ayman, de Vrese, Michael, Roeder, Thomas, Schrezenmeir, Jürgen. 2011. Peptidoglycan recognition protein 3 (PglyRP3) has an anti-inflammatory role in intestinal epithelial cells. In Immunobiology, 217, 412-9. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2011.10.013. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22099350/

4. Jing, Xuefang, Zulfiqar, Fareeha, Park, Shin Yong, Dziarski, Roman, Gupta, Dipika. 2014. Peptidoglycan recognition protein 3 and Nod2 synergistically protect mice from dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. In Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 193, 3055-69. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1301548. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25114103/