Art1, also known as Arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase-1 or Aluminum Resistance Transcription Factor 1, has diverse functions. In mammals, it positively regulates inflammatory cytokines and is involved in the IL-6 signaling pathway [1]. In plants, especially rice, it contributes to aluminum resistance by modifying cell wall properties [2].

In colorectal cancer cells, ART1 knockdown reduces IL-6-induced cell proliferation, with decreased viability, colony formation, DNA synthesis, and down-regulation of proteins like gp130, c-Myc, cyclin D1, Bcl-xL, and the p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio. In vivo, mice transplanted with ART1-sh CT26 cells and high IL-6 levels had smaller tumors [1]. In non-small cell lung cancer, tumor cell-expressed ART1 mediates immune resistance by causing ADP-ribosylation and cell death of P2X7R+ CD8 T cells, and its inhibition slows tumor growth in a CD8 T cell-dependent manner [3]. In rice, art1 mutant shows reduced aluminum resistance, and exogenous putrescine can restore it. ART1 directly inhibits the expression of OsMYB30 to enhance aluminum resistance [2]. Overexpression of an ART1-interacting gene OsNAC016 in rice improves aluminum tolerance by regulating certain cell-wall-related or ART-regulated genes [4].

In conclusion, Art1 plays crucial roles in inflammation-related cancer cell proliferation and immune resistance in mammals, as well as aluminum resistance in plants. Studies using gene knockdown or knockout models in cancer and plant systems have revealed these functions, providing potential therapeutic targets for human cancers and insights into plant stress resistance mechanisms.