Cyp2g1 is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase uniquely expressed in the olfactory mucosa (OM) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. It is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds and endogenous substances like testosterone and progesterone [1,3,5]. Genetic models, such as knockout mice, are valuable for studying its functions.

In Cyp2g1 -null mice, OM microsomes showed significantly lower activities in testosterone and progesterone metabolism and coumarin metabolic activation [1]. Unexpectedly, there was a significant reduction in Cyp2a5 expression in the liver, lateral nasal gland (LNG), and to a lesser extent, the kidney [1]. Although the loss of Cyp2G1 did not affect systemic clearance or hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen (AP), the LNG was protected from AP toxicity [1].

In conclusion, Cyp2g1 is crucial for the metabolism of certain compounds in the olfactory mucosa. The study of Cyp2g1 -null mice has revealed its potential role in influencing the LNG's resistance to chemical toxicity, possibly through paracrine pathways or regulation of gene expression by steroid hormones [1].