Mars1, the gene encoding methionyl-tRNA synthetase, is involved in aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis, an essential process for protein translation [2,3]. Mutations in this gene have been associated with various human diseases, highlighting its importance in maintaining normal cellular function. It may also play a role in some stress-related signaling pathways, as hinted in some of the research [1].

In the context of human diseases, MARS1 mutations c.2398C > A p.(Pro800Thr) in Family 1 were identified in a study on familial trigeminal neuralgia (FTN). These mutations were found in 53.8% of Family 1 members in the FTN family member group but not in non-familial TN subjects. RNA-seq showed that probands with MARS1 mutations had higher expression of Fosl1 and NFE2, genes related to the integrated stress response (ISR), suggesting that MARS1 mutations may cause chronic activation of ISR, contribute to ISR pathophysiological changes in FTN, and lead to peripheral nerve degeneration [1].

In summary, Mars1 is crucial for protein translation and is associated with diseases such as familial trigeminal neuralgia. Research on MARS1 mutations in FTN families has revealed its potential role in activating the integrated stress response pathway, providing insights into the pathophysiology of this condition. This understanding of Mars1's function in disease may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for related disorders.