Minar2, also known as Kiaa1024L, is a gene that plays essential roles in multiple biological processes. It is involved in regulating cholesterol distribution and homeostasis, and is associated with the mammalian TOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. Its proper function is crucial for normal hearing, metabolism, and motor function [1,2,4]. Genetic models, especially mouse models, have been invaluable in studying Minar2's functions.

In gene knockout (KO) mouse models, inactivation of Minar2 leads to various phenotypes. Minar2 KO mice exhibit increased body fat with hypertrophic adipocytes, develop obesity and impaired glucose tolerance on a high - fat diet, as Minar2 interacts with Raptor to inhibit mTOR activation and its inactivation hyperactivates mTOR signaling [2]. In addition, Minar2 KO mice show severe motor deficits similar to Parkinson's disease - like symptoms, with loss of tyrosine hydroxylase - positive neurons and up - regulation of α - synuclein protein expression [4]. In zebrafish, disruption of kiaa1024L/minar2 causes hearing loss, along with defects in mechanotransduction, abnormal hair bundles, and enlarged apical lysosomes in hair cells, as it regulates cholesterol localization to hair bundles [1]. Mutations in MINAR2 also cause deafness in humans and mice, with Minar2 expressed in the inner ear and its loss leading to sensorineural hearing loss [3].

In conclusion, Minar2 is essential for normal physiological functions. The study of Minar2 KO mouse models has revealed its significance in obesity, metabolic disorders, Parkinson's - like symptoms, and hearing. Understanding Minar2's functions provides insights into the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and may potentially lead to novel treatment strategies.