Tbcd, short for tubulin-folding co-factor D, is one of five tubulin-specific chaperones. It plays a pivotal role in the assembly and disassembly of α/β-tubulin heterodimers, thus being crucial for microtubule assembly in all cells [2,3,4,5]. Microtubule dynamics, in which Tbcd is involved, is essential for various biological processes such as neuronal development and function, cell abscission, and centriologenesis [1,2,3].

Mutations in Tbcd have been associated with severe neurodegenerative disorders. In humans, biallelic Tbcd mutations can lead to early-onset progressive neurodegenerative encephalopathy, characterized by features like developmental regression, epilepsy, postnatal microcephaly, growth retardation, muscle weakness, respiratory failure, and brain atrophy with thin corpus callosum [2,3,4,5]. For instance, certain homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in Tbcd have been identified in patients with these conditions, and in vitro and in vivo experiments (using Drosophila melanogaster) have shown impaired binding of mutant TBCD proteins and loss of function, respectively [2].

In conclusion, Tbcd is essential for microtubule-related biological processes. The study of Tbcd mutations in human patients has revealed its significance in neurodegenerative disease conditions, highlighting the importance of Tbcd in maintaining normal neuronal function and development. Understanding Tbcd's role can potentially provide insights into the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative disorders and offer directions for future therapeutic strategies.