Dync1i2, encoding a component of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex, is crucial for cargo transport along the cytoplasmic microtubular network, an essential process for neuronal function [3]. It is involved in various cellular functions like neurogenesis and homeostasis. The dynein complex, of which Dync1i2 is a part, is vital for eukaryotic cell function, moving cargos along microtubule tracks [4].

Bi-allelic variants in Dync1i2 cause syndromic microcephaly with intellectual disability, cerebral malformations, and dysmorphic facial features. Zebrafish larvae with disrupted or transiently suppressed dync1i2a showed craniofacial patterning alterations and reduced head size, along with increased apoptosis due to abnormal spindle morphology [3]. In humans, the primate-specific lncRNA HHIP-AS1 binds directly to the mRNA of DYNC1I2 and attenuates its degradation by hsa-miR-425-5p, promoting tumorigenicity in SHH-driven tumors [2]. In cattle, copy number variation of DYNC1I2 gene is associated with body conformation traits, which could be used as a candidate molecular marker for marker-assisted selection of growth traits [1].

In conclusion, Dync1i2 is essential for neurodevelopment and plays a role in diseases such as microcephaly-related syndromes and certain tumors. Its function in cattle growth traits also highlights its significance in animal breeding. The studies on Dync1i2 using model organisms like zebrafish have provided insights into its role in biological processes and disease conditions.