Polr2h, encoding an essential subunit for RNA polymerase II, is crucial for cell viability under environmental stress and for the transfer of biological information from DNA to RNA [1]. As part of RNA polymerase II, it is involved in the transcription process, which is fundamental for gene expression and various biological processes.

In Pacific white shrimp, knockdown of Lv-POLR2H via siRNA significantly decreased the survival rate under high-pH stress, indicating its key role in response to such stress [1]. In the context of diseases, POLR2H was identified as one of the seven candidate hub genes in HIV and monkeypox co-infection, potentially playing a role in regulating viral infection and inflammation due to the activation of antiviral innate immunity [2]. It was also found to be a key gene in prostate cancer, with its expression significantly upregulated in the disease, suggesting its involvement in the occurrence of PCa [3]. In addition, POLR2H was among the hub genes associated with Lamp2a in sciatic nerve injury, where CMA may be an integral pathway via mRNA splicing [4]. In lung cancer, POLR2H was associated with unclassified lung cancer survival [5]. In pituitary adenoma, POLR2H showed an antigenic response in Cushing's patient serum samples [6]. In mpox virus F3L-expressing cells, POLR2H interacted with the F3 protein, which is related to RNA splicing and protein translation [7]. In lung squamous cell carcinoma, POLR2H was one of the three prognostic gene signatures related to ferroptosis, positively affected by LUSC prognosis but negatively affected by immune cell infiltration [8].

In summary, Polr2h is essential for fundamental biological processes related to transcription. Model-based research, especially in non-mammalian models like shrimp, and in disease-related studies, has revealed its diverse roles in stress response, viral co-infections, and various cancers. Understanding Polr2h provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these biological processes and diseases, potentially guiding the development of targeted therapies.