Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is a pivotal glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reciprocal conversion between 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate. It also stimulates anabolic pathways, generates adenosine triphosphate, and maintains redox balance under hypoxic conditions, playing an essential role in cell metabolism [3].

PGAM1 has been shown to be highly expressed in many cancers. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), inhibition of PGAM1 promotes ferroptosis and CD8+ T-cell infiltration, and can synergize with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy [1]. In prostate cancer, exosomal PGAM1 promotes angiogenesis and metastasis by interacting with ACTG1 [2]. In breast cancer, PGAM1 regulates ASS1 expression through the cAMP/AMPK/CEBPB axis to contribute to tumor progression [4]. In triple-negative breast cancer, inhibition of PGAM1 synergizes with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by remodeling the tumor microenvironment [5]. In ovarian cancer, PGAM1 promotes glycolytic metabolism and paclitaxel resistance via pyruvic acid production [6].

In conclusion, PGAM1 is a key enzyme in glycolysis and is significantly involved in cancer-related biological processes. Studies on PGAM1, especially through in vivo models, have revealed its potential as a therapeutic target in multiple cancer types, providing new strategies for cancer treatment.