Cdk8, cyclin-dependent kinase 8, is a key component in transcription regulation. It forms a kinase module or phosphorylates transcription factors, playing a momentous role in the Mediator complex. Cdk8 is involved in multiple biological processes, and its dysregulation is associated with various diseases, especially cancer [3].

In Drosophila, neuronal loss of Cdk8 severely reduces fly lifespan and causes bang sensitivity. Cdk8 promotes mitochondrial fission through Drp1 phosphorylation and can phenotypically suppress pink1 deficiency [1]. In T cells, inhibition of Cdk8/19 can convert antigen-specific effector/memory T cells into Foxp3-expressing Treg cells, suggesting its role in immune-related diseases [2]. Cdk8 inhibitors can also antagonize HIV-1 reactivation and promote provirus latency in T cells [4].

In summary, Cdk8 is crucial for transcription regulation and is involved in diverse biological processes. Studies in Drosophila and T cells, as well as the effects of its inhibitors on HIV-1, have revealed its significance in lifespan, mitochondrial function, immune-related diseases, and viral latency. Understanding Cdk8's functions may provide new therapeutic opportunities for these disease areas.