C57BL/6JCya-Ttll4em1/Cya
Common Name
Ttll4-KO
Product ID
S-KO-18430
Backgroud
C57BL/6JCya
Strain ID
KOCMP-67534-Ttll4-B6J-VC
Status
When using this mouse strain in a publication, please cite “Ttll4-KO Mouse (Catalog S-KO-18430) were purchased from Cyagen.”
Product Type
Age
Genotype
Sex
Quantity
The standard delivery applies for a guaranteed minimum of three heterozygous carriers. Breeding services for homozygous carriers and/or specified sex are available.
Basic Information
Strain Name
Ttll4-KO
Strain ID
KOCMP-67534-Ttll4-B6J-VC
Gene Name
Product ID
S-KO-18430
Gene Alias
mKIAA0173, 4632407P03Rik
Background
C57BL/6JCya
Gene Full Name
tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 4
Modification
Conventional knockout
NCBI ID
Phenotype
Chromosome
Chr 1 (Mouse)
Application
--
Datasheet
Strain Description
Ensembl Transcript ID
ENSMUST00000042125
NCBI Transcript ID
NM_001014974
Target Region
Exon 6~8
Size of Effective Region
~2.0 kb
Overview of Gene Research
Ttll4, short for Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase Like 4, is a polyglutamylase enzyme. Polyglutamylation is a post-translational modification where glutamate residues are added to substrate proteins. Ttll4 is involved in multiple biological pathways related to cytoskeleton organization, neurodegeneration, and cell growth. Its study is crucial as genetic disruption of polyglutamylation can lead to various disorders [1,2,4,5].
In pcd mice, which have a genetic disruption in polyglutamylation, loss of Ttll4 attenuates the degeneration of Purkinje and mitral cells, and partially rescues photoreceptor degeneration and impaired rhodopsin trafficking, indicating its role in neurodegenerative phenotypes [1]. In breast cancer cells, overexpression of Ttll4 is associated with brain metastasis, as it increases polyglutamylation of β-tubulin, alters exosome biogenesis, and affects the adhesion and permeability related to the blood-brain-barrier [3]. In red blood cells, Ttll4-knockout mice show abnormal cytoskeletal organization, with larger average diameters, increased vulnerability to oxidative stress, and macromolecular aggregation of cytoskeletal components [4].
In conclusion, Ttll4 is essential for maintaining proper cytoskeletal architecture in red blood cells, and plays a role in neurodegenerative processes and cancer metastasis. The use of gene-knockout mouse models, such as in pcd mice and Ttll4-knockout mice, has significantly contributed to understanding Ttll4's functions in these disease-related areas.
References：
1. Wu, Hui-Yuan, Rong, Yongqi, Bansal, Parmil K, Guo, Hong, Morgan, James I. 2022. TTLL1 and TTLL4 polyglutamylases are required for the neurodegenerative phenotypes in pcd mice. In PLoS genetics, 18, e1010144. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1010144. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35404950/
2. Zhang, Xinyue, Li, Xiangxiao, Chen, Wei, Liang, Xin, Wu, Hui-Yuan. 2023. The distinct initiation sites and processing activities of TTLL4 and TTLL7 in glutamylation of brain tubulin. In The Journal of biological chemistry, 299, 104923. doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104923. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37321451/
3. Arnold, Julia, Schattschneider, Juliana, Blechner, Christine, Oliveira-Ferrer, Leticia, Windhorst, Sabine. 2020. Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase Like 4 (TTLL4) overexpression in breast cancer cells is associated with brain metastasis and alters exosome biogenesis. In Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 39, 205. doi:10.1186/s13046-020-01712-w. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32998758/
4. Ijaz, Faryal, Hatanaka, Yasue, Hatanaka, Takahiro, Ikegami, Koji, Setou, Mitsutoshi. 2016. Proper cytoskeletal architecture beneath the plasma membrane of red blood cells requires Ttll4. In Molecular biology of the cell, 28, 535-544. doi:10.1091/mbc.E16-02-0089. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27974641/
5. Kashiwaya, Kotoe, Nakagawa, Hidewaki, Hosokawa, Masayo, Shinomura, Yasuhisa, Nakamura, Yusuke. 2010. Involvement of the tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member 4 polyglutamylase in PELP1 polyglutamylation and chromatin remodeling in pancreatic cancer cells. In Cancer research, 70, 4024-33. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-4444. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20442285/
Quality Control Standard
Sperm Test
Pre-cryopreservation: Measurement of sperm concentration, determination of sperm viability.
Post-cryopreservation: A vial of cryopreserved sperms is selected for in-vitro fertilization from each batch.
Environmental Standards:SPF
Available Region:Global
Source:Cyagen
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