C57BL/6JCya-Amfrem1/Cya
Common Name:
Amfr-KO
Product ID:
S-KO-18501
Background:
C57BL/6JCya
Product Type
Age
Genotype
Sex
Quantity
Price:
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Basic Information
Strain Name
Amfr-KO
Strain ID
KOCMP-23802-Amfr-B6J-VB
Gene Name
Product ID
S-KO-18501
Gene Alias
gp78
Background
C57BL/6JCya
NCBI ID
Modification
Conventional knockout
Chromosome
8
Phenotype
Document
Application
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Note: When using this mouse strain in a publication, please cite “C57BL/6JCya-Amfrem1/Cya mice (Catalog S-KO-18501) were purchased from Cyagen.”
Strain Description
Ensembl Number
ENSMUST00000053766
NCBI RefSeq
NM_011787
Target Region
Exon 7~8
Size of Effective Region
~2.0 kb
Detailed Document
Overview of Gene Research
Amfr, also known as autocrine motility factor receptor, is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase. It plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes, including the regulation of ubiquitination-related pathways, which are involved in various cellular functions such as immune response, cell-cell communication, and ER-phagy [1,2,3,6]. Genetic models, like gene knockout (KO) mouse models, are valuable for studying its functions.
In allergic asthma, Amfr deficiency in alveolar macrophages significantly decreased allergy-induced T helper 2 (Th2) and eosinophilic inflammation, with less granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production [1]. In Zika virus infection, a recombinant ZIKV mutant lacking AMFR-mediated NS2A ubiquitination, which subverts ER-phagy, exhibited attenuation in ZIKV-induced microcephalic phenotypes in human brain organoids and less efficient replication in mouse models [2]. In intracellular Staphylococcus aureus infection, deletion of Amfr in macrophages could potentially prevent invasive staphylococci-mediated pneumonia by disrupting the AMFR-TAB3 signalling cascade [3]. In pulmonary fibrosis, deletion of Amfr in fibroblasts impaired their activation triggered by the CCL1-AMFR-SPRY1 pathway [4]. In a zebrafish model of autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia caused by AMFR dysfunction, statin treatment improved motor neuron-related phenotypes [5]. In influenza virus-infected A549 cells, knockdown of AMFR inhibited HMGCR ubiquitination and innate immunity activation [7].
In conclusion, Amfr is essential in regulating immune responses, viral infections, fibroblast activation, and lipid metabolism. KO or conditional knockout (CKO) mouse models and other in vivo studies have revealed its significance in diseases such as allergic asthma, flavivirus-induced pathologies, staphylococcal pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, and spastic paraplegia. Understanding Amfr's functions provides potential therapeutic targets for these diseases.
References:
1. Zhang, Huihui, Wei, Ran, Yang, Xinyi, Qian, Feng, Sun, Lei. 2022. AMFR drives allergic asthma development by promoting alveolar macrophage-derived GM-CSF production. In The Journal of experimental medicine, 219, . doi:10.1084/jem.20211828. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35333296/
2. Zhang, Linliang, Wang, Hongyun, Han, Chao, Qin, Yali, Chen, Mingzhou. 2024. AMFR-mediated Flavivirus NS2A ubiquitination subverts ER-phagy to augment viral pathogenicity. In Nature communications, 15, 9578. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54010-w. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39505910/
3. Sun, Lei, Zhang, Haibo, Zhang, Huihui, Zhang, Ao, Qian, Feng. 2023. Staphylococcal virulence factor HlgB targets the endoplasmic-reticulum-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase AMFR to promote pneumonia. In Nature microbiology, 8, 107-120. doi:10.1038/s41564-022-01278-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36593296/
4. Liu, Shan-Shan, Liu, Chang, Lv, Xiao-Xi, Xiao, Yang, Hu, Zhuo-Wei. 2021. The chemokine CCL1 triggers an AMFR-SPRY1 pathway that promotes differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and drives pulmonary fibrosis. In Immunity, 54, 2042-2056.e8. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34407391/
5. Deng, Ruizhi, Medico-Salsench, Eva, Nikoncuk, Anita, Sanderson, Leslie E, Barakat, Tahsin Stefan. 2023. AMFR dysfunction causes autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia in human that is amenable to statin treatment in a preclinical model. In Acta neuropathologica, 146, 353-368. doi:10.1007/s00401-023-02579-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37119330/
6. González, Alexis, Covarrubias-Pinto, Adriana, Bhaskara, Ramachandra M, Hummer, Gerhard, Dikić, Ivan. 2023. Ubiquitination regulates ER-phagy and remodelling of endoplasmic reticulum. In Nature, 618, 394-401. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06089-2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37225996/
7. Tewari, Devendra Nath, Biswas, Asim, Chakrabarti, Alok Kumar, Dutta, Shanta. 2023. AMFR promotes innate immunity activation and proteasomal degradation of HMGCR in response to influenza virus infection in A549 cells. In Virology, 587, 109875. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2023.109875. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37703797/
Quality Control Standard
Sperm Test
Pre-cryopreservation: Measurement of sperm concentration, determination of sperm viability.
Post-cryopreservation: A vial of cryopreserved sperms is selected for in-vitro fertilization from each batch.
Environmental Standards:SPF
Available Region:Global
Source:Cyagen