GXYLT1, a glycosyltransferase-encoding gene, is involved in the glycosylation process. Glycosylation is crucial for many biological functions, such as cell-cell recognition, signal transduction, and protein folding. NOTCH activation can promote the expression of GXYLT1 in human myeloid leukemia cells, suggesting its potential role in NOTCH-related pathways [5].

In colorectal cancer, GXYLT1 was found mutated in 40% of the samples studied. Functionally, it promoted migration, invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The GXYLT1S212* mutant had an even more significant effect. Both GXYLT1 and GXYLT1S212* interacted with ERK2. GXYLT1 induced metastasis via the Notch and MAPK pathways, while the GXYLT1S212* mutant mainly activated the MAPK pathway, indicating its role as a metastasis-associated driver gene [1].

In Crohn disease, exome sequencing implicated GXYLT1 in modulating granuloma formation, suggesting its role in the disease pathogenesis [2].

In psoriasis, GXYLT1 mutations were identified, hypothesized to be selected for in squamous epithelium regardless of disease status [3].

In type 2 diabetes, a genetic variant near GXYLT1 was associated with glycemic response to sulfonylureas, and the C allele at rs1234032 was a cis-eQTL for increased GXYLT1 expression [4].

In carotid paragangliomas, GXYLT1 was potentially associated with tumor initiation and progression [6].

In Behcet's disease, GXYLT1 was among the genes in the glycosylation pathway that might be applicable diagnostic markers for subtype identification [7].

In conclusion, GXYLT1 is involved in multiple biological processes, mainly through its role in glycosylation. Its involvement in various diseases, including colorectal cancer, Crohn disease, psoriasis, type 2 diabetes, carotid paragangliomas, and Behcet's disease, is emerging from research. These findings contribute to understanding the disease mechanisms and may provide potential targets for diagnosis and treatment.