Fam114a1, Family with Sequence Similarity 114 Member A1, is a gene with diverse functions. It is involved in regulating angiotensin II signaling, which is crucial for cardiac pathological remodeling. It also appears to play roles in the biological activity of melanocytes, hepatocellular carcinoma development, and glomerular injury, and is associated with hypoxia response, Golgi enzyme recycling, and the host immune response to Helicobacter pylori infection [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].

In mouse models, homozygous KO of Fam114a1 (Fam114a1-/-) reduces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and cardiac fibrosis, while restoring cardiac function in angiotensin II-induced and MI-induced heart failure models. This indicates its significant role in cardiac remodeling [1]. In melanocytes, inhibition of Fam114a1 increases proliferation, migration, and melanin synthesis proteins, and decreases apoptosis, suggesting its regulatory function in melanocyte biology [2]. In hepatocellular carcinoma cells, suppression of Fam114a1 reduces cell proliferation and migration by modulating AKT1, promotes apoptosis, arrests the cell cycle, and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) [3].

In conclusion, Fam114a1 has essential functions in multiple biological processes, especially in cardiac remodeling, melanocyte function, and hepatocellular carcinoma development. The gene knockout mouse models have been instrumental in revealing its role in these disease-related processes, providing potential therapeutic targets for heart diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma, and insights into melanocyte-related disorders [1,2,3].