Shc1, also known as Src homologous and collagen adaptor protein 1, is an adaptor protein that plays a pivotal role in multiple signal transduction pathways. It is involved in pathways such as the KRAS-MAPK signal transduction pathway and interacts with proteins like EGFR, AMPK, p38 MAPK, GRB2, and RET to regulate important cellular processes [1,2,3,4]. Shc1 is of great biological importance as it impacts cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and mitosis, and is associated with various diseases including cancer, colitis, and non-obstructive azoospermia [1,2,6]. Genetic models, such as gene knockout models, can be valuable for studying its functions.

In lung cancer, Shc1 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and invasion, while knockout decreases these processes, indicating its carcinogenic role. Shc1 may interact with EGFR to form a protein complex, which could be a new target for lung cancer metastasis [1]. In colorectal cancer and colitis, miR-452 can regulate Shc1 expression, suggesting a potential defense mechanism during carcinogenesis or chronic inflammation [2]. In cancer cells, 8-Cl-cAMP treatment suppresses Shc1 phosphorylation, and Shc1 siRNA (a form of loss-of-function) induces AMPK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation and growth inhibition [3]. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma, USP15 stabilizes Shc1 via deubiquitination, promoting malignant biological properties [5]. Also, in non-obstructive azoospermia, SHC1 is identified as an immune-related oxidative stress biomarker [6].

In conclusion, Shc1 is an adaptor protein with key roles in multiple signal transduction pathways. Model-based research, especially through gene knockout-like experiments, has revealed its significance in various disease conditions such as cancer, colitis, and non-obstructive azoospermia. Understanding Shc1's functions provides insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.