Col15a1 encodes the alpha chain of collagen XV, a member of the FACIT collagen family [1]. It has anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral properties and is involved in tissue homeostasis in the liver [1]. In the context of vascular-related functions, it may be associated with processes like vasculogenesis [2].

In the mouse mammary carcinoma model, inactivation of Col15a1 leads to changes in the fibrillar tumour matrix and increased mammary tumour growth, supporting its tumour suppressor function in mammary carcinogenesis [3]. In smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, hypomethylation of Col15a1 occurs, and the consequent increased gene expression may impact SMC phenotype and atherosclerosis formation [4]. Also, in canine endothelial-like cells, miR-9 promotes cell migration by inhibiting the expression of collagen XV encoded by Col15a1 [5].

In conclusion, Col15a1 plays essential roles in various biological processes, especially in tumour-related and vascular-related functions. Studies using mouse models, like the inactivation of Col15a1 in the mammary carcinoma model, have revealed its tumour-suppressing effect in breast carcinogenesis. Its role in SMC-related processes also indicates its significance in atherosclerosis-related diseases. These findings enhance our understanding of the biological functions of Col15a1 and its implications in disease mechanisms.