Mrps15, a mitochondrial ribosomal protein gene, is a crucial component for the structural and functional integrity of the mitoribosome complex [1]. Mitoribosomes are essential for mitochondrial translation, which is vital for the production of protein components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex, thus playing a significant role in cellular energy metabolism [5].

In stressed cardiomyocytes, MRPS15 translocates to cytosolic ribosomes and regulates internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent translation, highlighting its role in controlling gene expression under stress [2]. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prognostic model integrating MRPS15 and other genes attains a greater clinical net benefit, suggesting its potential in predicting prognosis [3]. In lung adenocarcinoma, MRPS15 is identified as a hub gene, and its overexpression is associated with poor overall survival [4]. In collagen VI-related dystrophies, MRPS15 is recognized as a potential hub gene involved in the disease [6].

In conclusion, Mrps15 is essential for mitoribosome function and mitochondrial translation. Its role in various disease conditions such as in cardiomyocyte stress response, HCC prognosis, lung adenocarcinoma progression, and collagen VI-related dystrophies has been revealed through different research models. These findings enhance our understanding of its biological functions and offer potential implications for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.