Scamp5, a member of the secretory carrier membrane protein family, is highly expressed in the brain. It participates in membrane transport, regulating the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (SVs), and is related to secretion carrier and membrane function. It plays a major role in maintaining the normal physiological functions of nerve cells and is involved in pathways such as synaptic function regulation, endocytosis, and exocytosis [1].

In functional studies, knockdown of Scamp5 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons led to a reduction in total and recycling vesicle pool sizes, slowed endocytosis, and impaired it during strong stimulation, suggesting its crucial role in SV endocytosis during high neuronal activity [2].

In Scamp5 R91W mutant knock-in mice, typical early-onset epilepsy similar to human pediatric epilepsy was observed, along with dysregulation of neurotransmitter release, indicating that Scamp5 deficiency can lead to pediatric epilepsy [3].

A de novo Scamp5 mutation in a Drosophila model caused similar phenotypes as Scamp5 RNAi, suggesting a dominant-negative effect and identifying Scamp5 deficiency as a cause for autistic spectrum disorders and intellectual disability [4].

In conclusion, Scamp5 is essential for normal nerve cell function, particularly in synaptic vesicle trafficking processes like endocytosis and exocytosis. Studies using gene-knockout models in mice and in vivo studies in Drosophila have revealed its significant role in diseases such as pediatric epilepsy, autistic spectrum disorders, and related neurodevelopmental disorders. These findings help to better understand the pathogenesis of these neurological diseases.