Rgs1, short for Regulator of G-protein signaling 1, is a gene involved in multiple biological processes. It plays a role in regulating G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, which is crucial for many cellular functions such as signal transduction, cell-cell communication, and immune responses [4].

In various disease contexts, research has shown its significance. In acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis (PF), exosomes from vascular endothelial cells and type II alveolar epithelial cells target RGS1 to regulate the immunophenotype of alveolar macrophages through the PLC-IP3R signal-dependent intracellular Ca2+ response [1]. In renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF), knockdown of RGS1 inhibited renal cell inflammatory response, fibrosis, and renal fibrosis in mouse models, indicating its role in promoting RIF through activation of the inflammatory response [2]. In cervical and gastric cancer, knockdown of RGS1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth in nude mice, suggesting it may act as an oncogenic gene [3,5]. In spinal cord injury, silencing RGS1 suppressed the TLR-induced inflammation and improved spinal cord histology and function recovery via the TLR/TRIF/NF-κB signaling pathway [6].

In conclusion, Rgs1 is a key regulator in multiple biological processes and disease conditions. Studies using gene-knockout or knockdown models in mice have revealed its role in inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer progression. Understanding Rgs1 provides potential therapeutic targets for diseases like ALI/ARDS, PF, RIF, and certain cancers.