Mtmr1, the myotubularin-related 1 gene, belongs to a highly conserved family of eukaryotic phosphatases [4]. It encodes a phosphatase that belongs to the tyrosine/dual-specificity phosphatase superfamily and has been shown to use phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI(3)P) and/or phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) as substrates [3]. The gene may be involved in pathways related to membrane trafficking, as myotubularin family PI 3-phosphatases regulate traffic within the endosomal-lysosomal pathway [6].

In myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2), an aberrant splicing of MTMR1 was detected, along with signs of altered myofiber maturation [2]. In DM1 muscle cells, there was a striking reduction in the level of the muscle-specific isoform and the appearance of an abnormal MTMR1 transcript [4]. Comparing isogenic CRISPR-Cas9-corrected versus non-corrected DM1 cardiomyocytes, a difference in the splicing pattern of MTMR1 was apparent, which is associated with cardiac function [1]. Also, in a case of hepatic leiomyosarcoma, a somatic mutation in MTMR1 was found, potentially indicating a transition from sarcomatoid hepatocarcinoma [5].

In conclusion, Mtmr1 is a key gene encoding a phosphatase with specific substrate preferences. Its abnormal splicing and expression are associated with myotonic dystrophy, influencing muscle fiber maturation. Additionally, its mutation may be related to hepatic leiomyosarcoma. Research on Mtmr1, especially through techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 in relevant cell models, helps understand its role in disease-associated biological processes such as muscle development and cancer-related genetic changes.