PURA, encoding Pur-alpha, is a gene with repeated nucleic acid-binding domains conserved across species [3]. The protein it encodes binds specific DNA and RNA sequence elements, playing crucial roles in transcriptional and translational regulation [1,2,3,5]. It is involved in multiple biological processes, and its dysregulation is associated with various neurological and other disorders [1,2,3,5,6,7,8]. Genetic models, like mouse models, are valuable for studying PURA's functions.

PURA knockout mice die shortly after birth, with impacts on brain and hematopoietic development, indicating its essential role in these processes [3]. Mutations in the human PURA gene cause PURA syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder. Patient mutations across PURA impair its co-localization with processing bodies, affect its folding, RNA binding, and dimerization, which may explain the full disease penetrance in affected patients [2]. Additionally, PURA-related neurodevelopmental disorders show a range of symptoms, and the clinical severity seems related to the deletion/alteration size including PUR repeats rather than variant location [4].

In conclusion, PURA is essential for normal post-natal brain development and other biological processes. Studies using PURA knockout mouse models and human patient-derived data have revealed its role in neurodevelopmental disorders such as PURA syndrome. Understanding PURA's functions provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases, which may aid in developing diagnostic tools and treatments [2,3,4].