Adgre1, also known as EMR1 and F4/80, is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor. It is a myeloid differentiation marker expressed in mammalian monocyte-macrophages [1]. The gene has an extracellular domain with repeated Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like calcium-binding domains, and its expression can be induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) [1].

In the context of diseases, in colon cancer, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can upregulate EMR1 (ADGRE1) in cancer cells. This upregulation promotes colon cancer progression by activating the JAK2/STAT1,3 signaling pathway, increasing cell proliferation, migration, and motility, and reducing apoptosis [2]. Also, EMR1-TC (EMR1 expression in tumor cells) is a high-risk factor for lymph node metastasis and is related to poor recurrence-free survival, especially in patients with TAM-rich colorectal cancer [3].

In conclusion, Adgre1 is a key marker in monocyte-macrophages. Its dysregulation in cancer, as revealed by in-vitro co-culture and immunohistochemical studies, plays a significant role in colon and colorectal cancer progression. Understanding Adgre1's function provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of cancer development and may offer potential therapeutic targets.