Zcwpw1, without common aliases mentioned in the references, is an essential gene involved in meiotic processes. It contains H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 recognition domains and is associated with the PRDM9-mediated pathway in meiosis. During meiosis, it plays a crucial role in homologous recombination, which is vital for generating genetic diversity and the proper formation of germ cells [1,2,3,5,6].

Male Zcwpw1 knockout mice show severe DSB repair and synapsis defects, with persistent DMC1 foci, ultimately leading to sterility. This indicates that Zcwpw1 is essential for synapsis and fertility in male mice [1]. In male mice, loss of Zcwpw1 causes complete failure of synapsis, meiotic arrest at the zygotene to pachytene stage, incomplete DNA double-strand break repair, and lack of crossover formation, resulting in male infertility. In contrast, in female mice, deletion of Zcwpw1 only slows down meiosis prophase I progression, and Zcwpw1-/-female mice have normal fertility until mid-adulthood [3]. A homozygous missense mutation in ZCWPW1 in humans also causes male infertility with sperm head defects and high DNA fragmentation [7]. Additionally, Zcwpw1 has been associated with Alzheimer's disease risk, as rare-variant burden in ZCWPW1 highlighted it as a potential driver of an AD-genome-wide association study locus [4].

In conclusion, Zcwpw1 is indispensable for meiosis synapsis in males, playing a key role in the repair of double-strand breaks and synapsis during meiosis. The gene knockout mouse models have clearly demonstrated its importance in male fertility. Its association with Alzheimer's disease also indicates its potential significance in neurodegenerative disease research, providing valuable insights into both reproductive biology and neurodegenerative disease mechanisms.