Npdc1, short for neural proliferation differentiation and control-1, is a gene involved in crucial biological processes. It has been associated with neural cell proliferation and differentiation [4]. Its expression pattern and function suggest it may play a role in the development of certain secretion glands as well [4]. In the context of disease, it has emerged as potentially important in conditions like colon cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

In colon cancer, high Npdc1 expression was correlated with patient prognosis and may be associated with neural infiltration. It could promote tumorigenesis, progression, and chemoresistance through various pathways, indicating its potential as a predictive marker for perineural invasion status, disease-free survival, and overall survival [1]. In the study of retinal progenitor cells, miR-762 was shown to regulate their proliferation and differentiation by targeting Npdc1. Inhibition of Npdc1 by miR-762 positively regulated RPC proliferation and suppressed neuronal differentiation [2]. In the cerebral cortex, Arhgef2 deficiency affected neural differentiation by regulating m6A methylation of Npdc1, among other genes. Loss of Arhgef2 decreased m6A methylation of Npdc1 mRNA, inhibiting its translation, and overexpression of Npdc1 rescued the abnormal phenotypes in knockout mice [3].

In conclusion, Npdc1 is essential for neural cell proliferation and differentiation. Its study through gene-knockout models, as seen in the Arhgef2-related neural differentiation study, has provided insights into its role in neural development and disease. In colon cancer, its potential as a prognostic and predictive marker emphasizes its significance in understanding cancer progression and treatment response.