Rmrp, the RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease, is a non-coding transcript. It has been associated with multiple biological processes and diseases. In normal biology, its exact function within the mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease complex is crucial for proper cellular function. It has also been implicated in pathways related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, highlighting its overall biological importance. Genetic models, such as gene knockout (KO) or conditional knockout (CKO) mouse models, can potentially be used to further understand its functions [2,3].

Rmrp has been found to be involved in various diseases. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), m6A RNA methylation-mediated Rmrp stability promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and migration through regulating the TGFBR1/SMAD2/SMAD3 pathway [1]. In cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH), biallelic pathogenic variants in Rmrp lead to this rare autosomal recessive condition, characterized by prenatal-onset growth failure, metaphyseal dysplasia, hair hypoplasia, immunodeficiency, etc. [3]. In the context of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, Rmrp accelerates it by regulating GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis through Gli1 SUMOylation [4]. In Alzheimer's disease, Rmrp accelerates autophagy-mediated neurons apoptosis through the miR-3142/TRIB3 signaling axis [5]. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Rmrp inhibition prevents disease progression via regulating the miR-206/PTPN1 axis [6]. In hepatocellular carcinoma, Rmrp knockdown suppresses cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by regulating miRNA-206/TACR1 [7]. In cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, linc-Rmrp regulates phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy by targeting miR-1 [8]. In osteoarthritis, Rmrp promotes chondrocyte injury by regulating the FOXC1/RBP4 axis [9]. In Schwann cells, Rmrp knockdown promotes proliferation and migration by mediating the miR-766-5p/CAND1 axis [10].

In conclusion, Rmrp plays essential roles in multiple biological processes and is closely associated with various diseases, including cancers, genetic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and more. The study of Rmrp using KO/CKO mouse models or other loss-of-function experiments could potentially provide valuable insights into disease mechanisms, which may offer new therapeutic strategies for these conditions.